Topic #1: mTOR

Healthways' Take - Cellular Mechanisms of Aging and Disease

mTOR is a protein Kinase that serves to function as a master regulator of cellular growth and metabolism in response to nutrient and hormonal cues. mTOR is activated by Amino acids and Insulin as well as other growth factors (IGF-1, etc), and is repressed by AMPK. mTOR modulates Anabolic versus Catabolic processes in response to nutrients, Growth cues and cellular energy status. Dietary Restriction reduces mTORC-1 activity.

Topic #2: AMPK

Healthways' Take - Cellular Mechanisms of Aging and Disease

Adenosine Monophosphate Protein Kinase is the human bioenergetics manager. When the human energy currency (adenosine triphosphate) is low, AMPK swings into action and begins creating additional ATP by contributing Phosphate ions to ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate) to create ATP for cells to use as energy (by cleaving one of the Phosphate Ions from ATP. ) AMPK also is influential in the digestive and glucose management processes. The direct amount of energy available in the mitochondria of the cells is under the control of AMPK. When AMPK is abundant, the cells have plenty of ATP to create energy. When AMPK is low or is down regulated by disease or Inflammatory conditions in the body, Cells are compromised in their functions and dysregulation of cells, tissues, organs and resulting systems is set into motion through disease and aging pathways. Abundant AMPK serves to hold those pathways in check, allowing vibrant energy at the cellular level.

Topic #5: Cancer Cells

Healthways' Take - Cellular Mechanisms of Aging and Disease

Topic #3: Intestinal Health

Healthways' Take - Cellular Mechanisms of Aging and Disease

The Intestinal tract.

70 % of the immune system is in the Colon.

T-Helper cells are born in the colon

The alimentary canal starts at the mouth and ends at the anus.

The Intestinal tract is responsible for feeding your body to stay alive and to thrive

The feeding process (break down of macro nutrients into micronutrients) begins in the mouth and continues Until the final waste is excreted from the body

When we chew food, Amylase and other enzymes are secreted into the mouth to begin breaking down Carbohydrates and some other molecularly large food components. Once in the stomach, the food is met with a very acid environment in order to break down the Proteins. The Hydrochloric acid also sterilizes the food and kills any pathogens that came in with the food.

Topic #4: Circadian Rhythm

Healthways' Take - Cellular Mechanisms of Aging and Disease

There are three areas of Chronobiology:

1) High Frequency Cycles- Pulsating hormonal cycles multiple times per day

2) Daily Cycles- Sleep / Wake

3) Monthly and annual Cycles- Reproductive cycles

Circadian Rhythms are daily cycles that include any associated High Frequency cycles- reaching every cell.

The master clock is the Super Charismatic Nucleus – SCN- It is in the Hypothalamus, close to the eyes to sense light and cause melatonin release for sleep.

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